Clone and Copy

Simple values such as integers, floats, bool and char live entirely on the stack. Copying them is so cheap that Rust does it automatically: these types are Copy, and using one never invalidates the original.

let x = 5;
let y = x;      // x is copied
println!("{x} {y}"); // both still work

A String is different: it owns heap data, so assignment moves it. When you really do want two independent owners, ask for a deep copy with .clone():

let a = String::from("hi");
let b = a.clone();   // new heap allocation with the same text
println!("{a} {b}"); // both valid

The .clone() call is visible on purpose. It can be expensive for big data, so Rust makes you write it rather than hiding the cost. A tuple of Copy types is Copy too.

Your task

The starter for duplicate does not compile because it moves text twice. Fix it.

1. duplicate(text: String) -> (String, String): return two separate owned strings with the same content. Use .clone().
2. square_and_keep(n: i32) -> (i32, i32): return n and its square, as (n, n * n). No clone is needed since i32 is Copy.